Study title and author:
Science, atherosclerosis and the "age of unreason": a review.
Stehbens WE.
Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington South, New Zealand.
This paper can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8117583
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Professor Stehbens reports that research in atherosclerosis has been dominated by the lipid hypothesis. The pathology
of both the cholesterol-fed animal and of familial hypercholesterolemia has been misrepresented. The vascular lesions of these disorders are not atherosclerotic but manifestations of fat storage. There has been undue faith in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.
of both the cholesterol-fed animal and of familial hypercholesterolemia has been misrepresented. The vascular lesions of these disorders are not atherosclerotic but manifestations of fat storage. There has been undue faith in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Fundamental defects in the epidemiological approach to the cause of atherosclerosis include:
(1) misuse of cause and risk factors;
(2) misuse of coronary heart disease as an imprecise and inappropriate surrogate endpoint in clinical and mortality studies;
(3) use of fallacious monocausal death certificates and mortality rates;
(4) assumed causal role of risk factors;
(5) use of fallacious dietary data;
(6) ecological fallacies;
(7) nonspecificity of statistical correlations and selection bias;
(8) failure to take note of inconsistencies;
(9) inappropriate use of the blood cholesterol level as a surrogate of atherosclerosis (substitution game) without demonstration of any such effect on arteries;
(10) misplaced faith in pathological and experimental corroborative evidence.
Professor Stehbens concludes that the epidemiology of atherosclerosis is based on unscientific methodology and the lipid hypothesis as currently envisaged is invalid
. There is need to review the cholesterol-lowering campaign especially for normolipidemic subjects.More information on this subject: Books
: Scientific Studies : Other Websites : Videos : Food MallRecipe of the day
Pork Carnitas with Baked Sunchokes
Ingredients:
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| Food Mall: Pork Ribs |
2-3 pounds of boneless pork shoulder country style ribs
1/4 cup lime juice1/4 cup lemon juice
Ground cumin
Garlic powder
Coriander powder
Black pepper
Cayenne pepper
Salt
1/2 pound of sunchokes
Extra virgin olive oil
Directions:
Cut the pork into 3-4 inches chunks if it did not come from the butcher that way. Dust each side generously with salt, cumin, garlic and coriander powder, black pepper and cayenne pepper. Add 1/4 cup each of water, lemon juice, and lime juice to pressure cooker. Arrange pork in the pot. Lock top on pressure cooker. Increase heat to high. After achieving high pressure (about 10 minutes), reduce heat to the lowest level consistent with maintaining high pressure. Cook under high pressure for 20 minutes. Turn off heat under pressure cooker, use the slow-release method to bring pressure down (about 10 minutes), and remove top. Heat a non-stick grill pan over high heat. Remove pork from pressure cooker with tongs and sear the cooked pork for about 2 minutes per side in the hot grill pan.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 400 degrees. Wash sunchokes and brush off any small sprouts. Slice into 1/4 to 1/2 inch slices. Cover a baking pan with aluminum foil and lay the sliced sunchokes in the pan. Drizzle liberally with olive oil and dust with salt. Turn pieces and salt the other side. Bake in 400 degree oven for 30 minutes.
Transfer pork carnitas and sunchokes to plates and enjoy!
