High carbohydrate diets can increase uric acid levels which may lead to gout.

Published in Metabolism Volume 34, Issue 8, August 1985, Pages 741-746

Hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia: Metabolic basis for the association
Irving H. Fox, a, b, David Johna, b, 1, Sandra DeBruynea, b, Issac Dwosha, b, 2 and Errol B. Marlissa, b, 3
aHuman Purine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan USA
bDepartment of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan USA.

This paper can be accessed at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WN4-4CBVM9J-9X&_user=10&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1985&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1659598845&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=78977c1cc1309ce986e236c494a4d5fc&searchtype=a

Gout is a kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in the joints, often in the big toe. Fox notes that high triglyceride levels have been reported frequently in patients with high uric acid levels and gout.

Fox examined whether high carbohydrate intake increases uric acid and triglyceride levels in people with gout and without gout.

The study found that:
(a) A pure carbohydrate (sucrose) diet increases both the uric acid and triglyceride levels.
(b) The mechanism of the excess uric acid in people with gout was increased uric acid production and less efficient and decreased uric acid clearance by the kidney
(c) The mechanism of the excess uric acid in people without gout is because the kidney becomes less efficient at clearing uric acid.

To summarise: The pure carbohydrate diet can increase uric acid levels which may lead to gout.

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High fructose intake is associated with an increased risk of gout in men

Published in the BMJ. 2008 Feb 9;336(7639):309-12. Epub 2008 Jan 31.

Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study.
Choi HK, Curhan G.
Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada.

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18244959

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks and fructose and the risk of gout in men. The study included 46,393 men with no history of gout with 12 years of follow up.

The study revealed that:
(a)  Compared with consumption of less than one serving of sugar sweetened soft drinks a month the risk of gout for 5-6 servings a week increase by 29%.
(b) Compared with consumption of less than one serving of sugar sweetened soft drinks a month the risk of gout for one serving a day increased by 45%
(c) Compared with consumption of less than one serving of sugar sweetened soft drinks a month the risk of gout for 2 or more servings a day increased by 85%.
(d) Compared with consumption of those with the lowest fructose intake, the risk of gout for those with the highest intake of fructose increased by 102%
(e) Other major contributors to fructose intake such as total fruit juice or fructose rich fruits (apples and oranges) were also associated with a higher risk of gout.

AMAZON UK Living With Dietary Fructose Intolerance: A Guide to Managing Your Life With This New Diagnosis
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High fructose intake is associated with an increased risk of gout in women

Published in JAMA. 2010;304(20):2270-2278

Fructose-Rich Beverages and Risk of Gout in WomenHyon K. Choi, MD, DrPH; Walter Willett, MD, DrPH; Gary Curhan, MD, ScD

Authors Affiliations: Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine (Dr Choi), Channing Laboratory (Drs Choi, Willett, and Curhan), Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health (Drs Willett and Curhan), and Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (Dr Curhan), Boston, Massachusetts.

This study can be accessed at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/304/20/2270.abstract
 
The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between intake of fructose-rich beverages and fructose and the risk of gout among women. study spanning 22 years (1984-2006), Data was analyzed from 78,906 women spanning 22 years with no history of gout.
 
The study found:
(a) Compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of sugar-sweetened soda, the risk of gout for 1 serving per day increased by 74%.
(b) Compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of sugar-sweetened soda, the risk of gout for 2 or more servings per day increased by 139%.
(c) Compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of orange juice, the risk of gout for 1 serving per day increased by 41%.
(d) Compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of orange juice, the risk of gout for 2 or more servings per day increased by 142%.
(e) Compared with the lowest consumption of fructose intake, the risk of gout for those with the highest intake increased by 62%.

AMAZON UK The Sugar Fix: The High-Fructose Fallout That Is Making You Fat and Sick
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