The raison d'etre of this website is to provide you with hard scientific information which may help you make informed decisions in your quest for health (so far I have blogged concise summaries of over 1,500 scientific studies and have had three books published).
My research is mainly focused on the effects of cholesterol, saturated fat and statin drugs on health. If you know anyone who is worried about their cholesterol levels and heart disease, or has been told to take statin drugs you could send them a link to this website, and to my statin or cholesterol or heart disease books.
David Evans
Independent Health Researcher
Showing posts with label Cholesterol and Heart Failure. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cholesterol and Heart Failure. Show all posts
This study was published in Circulation Journal 2014 Oct 30
Study title and authors:
Low Blood Pressure, Low Serum Cholesterol and Anemia Predict Early Necessity of Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure at the Time of Referral From Non-Ventricular Assist Device Institutes.
Fujino T, Kinugawa K, Hatano M, Imamura T, Muraoka H, Minatsuki S, Inaba T, Maki H, Kinoshita O, Nawata K, Yao A, Ono M, Komuro I.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
A ventricular assist device (VAD) is a mechanical pump that's used to support heart function and blood flow in people who have weakened hearts. The device takes blood from a lower chamber of the heart and helps pump it to the body and vital organs, just as a healthy heart would. This study analysed the factors predicting early necessity of a ventricular assist device in patients with advanced heart failure. The study included 46 patients who had a history of hospitalisation for heart failure management. Regarding cholesterol levels, the study found that patients with cholesterol less than 144 mg/dL (3.7 mmol/L) had a 709% increased risk of early necessity of a ventricular assist device compared to patients with higher cholesterol levels.
This study investigated the association of cholesterol levels with death rates in patients hospitalised with heart failure. The study included 2,428 patients who were followed for 2.9 years.
The study found that those with low levels of low density liporotein (LDL) cholesterol, less than 71 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L), had a 68% increased death rate compared to those with high levels of low density liporotein (LDL) cholesterol, more than 130 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L).
This study was published in the Journal of Cardiac Failure2012 Mar;18(3):194-201
Study title and authors:
Low serum total cholesterol level is a surrogate marker, but not a risk factor, for poor outcome in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: a report from the Korean Heart Failure Registry.
Yoon CH, Youn TJ, Ahn S, Choi DJ, Cho GY, Chae IH, Choi J, Cho H, Han S, Cho MC, Jeon ES, Chae SC, Kim JJ, Ryu KH, Oh BH; Korean Heart Failure Registry.
Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
This study evaluated the effect of cholesterol levels on patients hospitalized due to heart failure. The study included 2,797 heart failure patients.
The study found that the patients with the lowest cholesterol levels, had a 57% increased risk of death and readmission to hospital due to heart failure compared to the patients with the highest cholesterol levels.
This study was published in the Journal of Epidemiology 2011;21(1):67-74
Study title and authors:
Lowcholesterol is associated with mortality from stroke, heart disease, and cancer: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.
Nago N, Ishikawa S, Goto T, Kayaba K.
Tokyo-kita Social Health Insurance Hospital, Clinical Education Center, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan. nago@jadecom.or.jp
This study of 12,334 healthy adults aged 40 to 69 years investigated the relationship between lowcholesterol and mortality and examined whether that relationship differs with respect to cause of death.
The study found:
(a) Those with the lowest cholesterol (under 4.14mmol/L - 160mg/dL) had around a 50% higher death rate than those with cholesterol up to 5.17mmol/L - 200mg/dL. High cholesterol (above 6.21mmol/L - 240mg/dL) was not a risk factor.
(b) The risk of death in the lowest cholesterol group for hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure (excluding myocardial infarction), and cancer mortality was significantly higher than those of the moderate cholesterol group, for each cause of death.
To conclude: Lowcholesterol was related to highmortality. Highcholesterol was not a risk factor for mortality.
This study was published in Kardiologiia 2007;47(8):12-6.
Study title and authors: Cholesterol and glucose levels belong to independent predictors of death and hospitalizations in patients with chronic systolic heart failure.
Smetanina IN, Deev AD, Gratsianskiĭ NA.
This study of 130 patients with systolic chronic heart failure, was designed to elucidate the relationship of cholesterol levels with the number of deaths and hospitalizations of the patients for heart failure worsening over a 1.4 year period. Average age of the patients was 65 years.
The study found:
(a) Those patients who died or were hospitalized for worsening heart failure had lower cholesterol rates than those who remained healthy.
(b) For each 1-mmol/L (38mg/dL) decrease in cholesterol levels, patients had a 26% increase of mortality risk.
(c) Patients with cholesterol levels less than 4.0 mmol/L (154mg/dL) were at higher risk of death or been hospitalized for worsening heart failure.
(d) Patients with cholesterol levels less than 4.0 mmol/L (154mg/dL) had significantly reduced survival rates.
To conclude: Patients with heart failure are more likely to die or need hospital treatment if they have low cholesterol levels.
Nonischemic heart disease is a disease of the heart that lacks the associated coronary artery disease often found in other diseases of the heart. It's usually linked to a disease in one or more of the cardiac muscles, causing the heart to pump in an ineffective manner, thereby reducing the transport of blood, oxygen and other nutrients throughout the body. One of the more common nonischemic heart diseases is dilated cardiomyopathy. In this form of heart disease, your left ventricle has weakened (low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)) to the point where it can no longer pump enough blood.
Hemodynamics is a measurement of blood pressure and blood flow.
The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure. It places patients in one of four classes based on how much they are limited during physical activity. E.g. Class one indicates: No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, whilst class four is defined as: Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients.
The study analyzed the cholesterol levels of 614 patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure who had a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%.
The study found:
(a) Patients with lower cholesterol levels had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction.
(b) Patients with lower cholesterol levels had worse hemodynamic profiles.
(c) Patients with lower cholesterol levels had a higher New York Heart Association class.
(d) Patients with lower cholesterol died earlier.
(e) Patients with lower cholesterol had an increased risk of urgent transplant.
To conclude: Low cholesterol levels are strongly associated with increased mortality in patients with nonischemic, systolic heart failure.
This post includes a synopsis of a study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2003; 42:1933-1940 and a recipe for lamb tikka cutlets.
Study title and authors: The relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure
Books:
Mathias Rauchhaus, MD*, Andrew L. Clark, MD,*, Wolfram Doehner, MD*, Constantinos Davos, MD, PhD*, Aidan Bolger, BSc*, Rakesh Sharma, BSc*, Andrew J. S. Coats, DM* and Stefan D. Anker, MD, PhD*
* Clinical Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, Germany
Academic Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull, United Kingdom
Franz-Volhard-Klinik (Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch) am Max-Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
The objective of the study was to describe the relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. A total of 417 patients were involved in the study.
The results of the study revealed:
(a) Higher total cholesterol levels were a predictor of survival.
(b) The chance of survival increased 25% for each mmol/l (38 mg/dL) increment in total cholesterol.
(c) After one year those with cholesterol levels above 5.2 mmol/l (201 mg/dL) had a survival rate of 92%.
(d) After one year those with cholesterol levels below 5.2 mmol/l (201 mg/dL) had a survival rate of 75%.
(e) After three years those with cholesterol levels above 5.2 mmol/l (201 mg/dL) had a survival rate of 72%.
(f) After three years those with cholesterol levels below 5.2 mmol/l (201 mg/dL) had a survival rate of 50%.
To conclude: In patients with chronic heart failure, lower total cholesterol levels are associated with earlier death.
Marinade:
15ml/1tbsp coriander seeds
15ml/1tbsp mustard seeds
15ml/1tbsp curry paste
15ml/1tbsp mild chilli powder
Salt and freshly milled black pepper
45ml/3tbsp fresh coriander leaves, to garnish
Method:
1.Heat a large non-stick frying pan and dry fry the coriander and mustard seeds for 2-3 minutes. Place in a food processor or a mortar and grind to form a fine powder.
2.In a large shallow dish combine the dry spices with the remaining marinade ingredients. Coat the cutlets in the marinade, cover and marinate for 2 hours or overnight in the refrigerator.
This post includes a summary of a study published in the Journal of Cardiac Failure 2002 Aug;8(4):216-24 and a recipe for tender beef tongue with onions and garlic.
Study title and authors:
Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure.
Horwich TB, Hamilton MA, Maclellan WR, Fonarow GC.
UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
The study investigated the relationship between cholesterol levels and heart failure. Cholesterol levels were measured in 1,134 patients with advanced heart failure.
The study revealed that those with the lowest cholesterol had over double the risk of dying from advanced heart failure compared to those with the highest cholesterol.
■2 cloves garlic, minced
■1 jalapeno (optional), sliced in half or minced
■Pinch of red chili flakes
■1 bay leaf
Instructions:
Put all ingredients into a pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil and then turn it down to a simmer for about 3 hours until tender. Let cool until you are able to handle. Peel off skin and slice.
Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Center at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California 90509-2910, USA. kamkal@ucla.edu
Kalantar-Zadeh reviewed the literature concerning cholesterol levels and wasting diseases and found that having high cholesterol leads to higher survival rates in people with chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, and in the elderly.
PhD*, Aidan Bolger, BSc*, Rakesh Sharma, BSc*, Andrew J. S. Coats, DM* and Stefan D. Anker, MD, PhD* 
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