High-fibre wheat-bran is associated with a significant increase in colorectal cancer

This study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine 2000 Apr 20;342(16):1156-62

 

Study title and authors:

Lack of effect of a high-fiber cereal supplement on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Phoenix Colon Cancer Prevention Physicians' Network.

Alberts DS, Martínez ME, Roe DJ, Guillén-Rodríguez JM, Marshall JR, van Leeuwen JB, Reid ME, Ritenbaugh C, Vargas PA, Bhattacharyya AB, Earnest DL, Sampliner RE.

Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5024, USA. dalberts@azcc.arizona.edu

 

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770980

This study evaluated the effect of wheat-bran fibre in patients who had had one or more histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas removed. The study, which lasted three years, included 1,303 patients, aged 40 to 80 years, who were given wheat-bran fibre supplementation of either:
(i) 13.5 grams a day (high-fibre group).
(ii) 2 grams a day (low-fibre group).

The study found:
(a) The high-fibre group had a 5.8% increased risk of death compared to the low-fibre group.
(b) The high-fibre group had a 9.2% increased risk of any cancer compared to the low-fibre group.
(c) The high-fibre group had a 215% increased risk of colorectal cancer compared to the low-fibre group.
(d) The number of patients who reported gastrointestinal effects was significantly higher in the high-fibre group than in the low-fibre group for all effects except constipation.
Reported gastrointestinal effects:
(i) Nausea: 69% higher in the high-fibre group.
(ii) Abdominal Pain: 60% higher in the high-fibre group.
(iii) Diarrhea: 82% higher in the high-fibre group.
(iv) Constipation: 5% lower in the high-fibre group.
(v) Intestinal gas: 46% higher in the high-fibre group.
(vi) Abdominal bloating: 66% higher in the high-fibre group.

The study reveals that high-fibre wheat-bran is associated with a significant increase in colorectal cancer.

Low fat diet leads to a 150% increase in colon cancer

This study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine 2000 Apr 20;342(16):1149-55

 

Study title and authors:

Lack of effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group.

Schatzkin A, Lanza E, Corle D, Lance P, Iber F, Caan B, Shike M, Weissfeld J, Burt R, Cooper MR, Kikendall JW, Cahill J.

National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

 

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770979

This study investigated the association between fat and fibre consumption and the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas, which are precursors of most large-bowel cancers. The study lasted for four years and included 1,905 patients who were at least 35 years old and who had had one or more confirmed colorectal adenomas removed. All patients had no history of colorectal cancer.

The patients were assigned into two groups and advised to either:
(i) Lower their fat consumption to 20% of daily calories and up their fibre consumption to 18 grams per 1000 calories. (Lower fat, higher fibre group).
(ii) Carry on with their normal diet (fat consumption of 34% and fibre consumption of 10 grams per 1000 calories). (Higher fat, lower fibre group).

The study found:
(a) Both groups had similar rates of at least one recurrent adenoma although the incidence in the lower fat, higher fibre group was .2% more than the higher fat, lower fibre group.
(b) The lower fat, higher fibre group had a 150% increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to the higher fat, lower fibre group.

The data from the study shows that patients with colorectal adenomas have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer if they follow a low fat, high fibre diet.

High-fibre supplement (psyllium) linked to colon cancer risk

This study was published in the Lancet 2000 Oct 14;356(9238):1300-6

 

Study title and authors:

Calcium and fibre supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: a randomised intervention trial. European Cancer Prevention Organisation Study Group.

Bonithon-Kopp C, Kronborg O, Giacosa A, Räth U, Faivre J.

Registre Bourguignon des Tumeurs Digestives, Faculté de Médecine de Dijon, France.

 

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073017

Ispaghula husk is a soluble fibre that comes from a shrub-like herb, Plantago psyllium. Ispaghula husk is also known as psyllium, psyllium seed, psyllium husk, ispaghula or ispaghula seed.

Ispaghula husk is a central ingredient in many high-fibre cereals, and is often combined with wheat and oats. It is also contained in many processed foods such as "health drinks", bread, biscuits, rice cakes, instant noodles and other bakery products and is also sold as a supplement such as Metamucil, Colon Cleanse, Serutan, Fybogel, Bonvit, Effersyllium, and Konsyl. 

This study investigated the effect of ispaghula husk supplementation on recurrence of colorectal adenomas in patients with a history of colorectal adenomas. (An adenoma is a benign tumor of glandular origin. Although these growths are benign, over time they may progress to become malignant). The study included 665 patients who received either supplementation or placebo and were followed for three years.

The study found that patients who had the ispaghula husk had a 67% increased risk of recurrence of colorectal adenomas compared to patients who had placebo. 

High carbohydrate and fibre consumption is linked to an increase in endometrial cancer

This study was published in the American  Journal of Epidemiology 2007 Oct 15;166(8):912-23

Study title and authors:
Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.

Cust AE, Slimani N, Kaaks R, van Bakel M, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Laville M, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K.
Nutrition and Hormones Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. annec@health.usyd.edu.au

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17670911

The associations of dietary carbohydrates, dietary glycemic load, and dietary fiber with endometrial cancer risk were analyzed among 288,428 women over a 6.4 year period with a total of 1,842, 995 person years of follow up.

The study found:

• For every 100 grams per day rise in carbohydrate consumption there is a 61% increased risk of endometrial cancer.
• For every 50 units per day rise in glycemic load there is a 40% increased risk of endometrial cancer.
• For every 10 gram per day rise in fibre consumption there is a 27% increased risk of endometrial cancer.

This study shows that a higher carbohydrate and fibre consumption is linked to an increase in endometrial cancer.

Higher carbohydrate and fibre consumption leads to increased rates of breast cancer

This study was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009 Jan;89(1):283-9

Study title and author:

Dietary carbohydrates, fiber, and breast cancer risk in Chinese women.

Wen W, Shu XO, Li H, Yang G, Ji BT, Cai H, Gao YT, Zheng W.

Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA. wanqing.wen@vanderbilt.edu

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056583

The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of carbohydrates and dietary fibre with breast cancer risk. A total of 74,942 women aged 40-70 were involved in the study which lasted over 7 years.

The study found:

• Women who ate the most carbohydrate had a 22% increased rate of breast cancer compared to the women who ate the least carbohydrate.
• Women who ate the most fibre had a 9% increased rate  of breast cancer compared to the women who ate the least fibre.

This study found that increased dietary carbohydrate and fibre leads to higher rates of breast cancer.

High fat diets protect against breast cancer

This study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association 1992 Oct 21;268(15):2037-44

Study title and authors:

Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer. An 8-year follow-up.

Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Manson JE, Spiegelman D, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE.

Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215.

This study can be accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1328696

This study investigated the association of dietary fat, fiber and the risk of breast cancer. 89,494 women aged 34 - 59 were followed up for 8 years.

The study found:

·         Women who had the highest fat intake had a 14% decreased risk of breast cancer.

·         Women who had the lowest dietary fibre intake had a 2% decreased risk of breast cancer.

This study shows that dietary fat is protective against breast cancer incidence.

Fibre associated with increasing rates of colon cancer

Published in Cancer Causes and Control Volume 6, Number 1 / January, 1995 14-23

Subsite-specific risk factors for colorectal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in Japan
Manami Inoue, Kazuo Tajima, Kaoru Hirose, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Toshiro Takezaki, Takashi Hirai, Tomoyuki Kato and Yoshiyuki Ohno

This paper can be accessed at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/j66772824813054u/
 
It is established that fibre softens and loosens human feces.
 
This study suggests that soft and loose feces might be associated with colon cancer.

AMAZON UK Fiber Menace: The Truth About the Leading Role of Fiber in Diet Failure, Constipation, Hemorrhoids, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease, and Colon Cancer [Volume 1]
AMAZON USA Fiber Menace: The Truth About the Leading Role of Fiber in Diet Failure, Constipation, Hemorrhoids, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease, and Colon Cancer (Volume 1)

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Vegetables increase risk of colon cancer

This post includes a summary of a paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine Volume 340:169-176 January 21, 1999 Number 3 and a recipe for spicy chicken with herb sauce.

Study title and authors:
Dietary Fiber and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma in Women
Charles S. Fuchs, M.D., Edward L. Giovannucci, M.D., Graham A. Colditz, M.D., David J. Hunter, M.B., B.S., Meir J. Stampfer, M.D., Bernard Rosner, Ph.D., Frank E. Speizer, M.D., and Walter C. Willett, M.D

This paper can be accessed at: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/340/3/169

This study investigated the association between fibre intake and colon cancer. The study included 88,757 women aged between 34 - 59, who were followed for 16 years for a total of 1,408,232 person years.


The study found:
(a) Those who ate the most fibre had a 1% increased risk of colon cancer compared to those who ate the least.
(b) A high consumption of vegetable-derived fibre was actually 'associated with a significant increase (35%) in the risk of colorectal cancer'.



The researchers conclude 'Our data do not support the existence of an important protective effect of dietary fiber against colorectal cancer or adenoma'.

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Recipe of the day

Spicy Chicken with Herb Sauce

Serves 4

Ingredients:

Chicken:

Food Mall: Boneless Chicken Breasts

•4 boneless chicken breasts;

•2 tbsp smoked paprika;
•2 tsp ground cumin;
•2 tsp ground mustard;
•2 tsp ground fennel seeds;
•1 tsp freshly ground black pepper;
•2 tsp sea salt;
•Coconut oil, butter, ghee or tallow to cook;

Herb sauce:
•1 cup extra-virgin olive oil;
•2 cups fresh mint leaves;
•1 cup fresh flat-leaf parsley leaves;
•6 garlic cloves, roughly chopped;
•2 tbsp homemade or Dijon mustard;
•1 green chili, seeded and chopped, optional;
•Sea salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste;

Preparation
1.To prepare the sauce, place the mint, parsley, garlic and chili, if using, in the bowl of a food processor and process to chop roughly.

2.Add the mustard, season to taste with salt and pepper and process again to combine.

3.Now slowly drizzle the olive oil in while the food processor in in function to create an emulsion.

4.For the spice rub, combine the paprika, cumin, mustard powder, fennel, salt and pepper in a bowl.

5.Rub the chicken breasts all over with your chosen cooking fat and also rub them with the spice mixture.

6.Heat a frying pan over a medium heat and fry the chicken breasts in some additional cooking fat for about 5 minutes per side, until well cooked.

7.Serve the spicy chicken topped with the fresh herb sauce.

Spicy Chicken